There has been a great deal of progress in additive manufacturing (AM) during the past two decades and recent developments have been highlighted by many researchers. However, until now, there has been a limit to what is available for beginners in a step-by-step format, showcasing the different commercial AM technologies for field application. This book helps fill that gap. Additive Manufacturing: Applications and Innovations presents case studies of commonly used AM technologies with basic numerical problems for better understanding. It also includes hybrid processes and 4D printing applications, which currently are not offered in other AM books. Features Offers solved and unsolved problems in additive manufacturing Provides an understanding for additive manufacturing per international standards Includes case studies for better understanding of the individual processes Presents a review of specific technology highlights Introduces future research directions, mainly in 4D printing applications

This book discusses the 3D printing of sensors, actuators, and antennas and illustrates how manufacturers can create smart materials that can be effectively used to prepare low-cost products. The book also includes how to select the appropriate process for your manufacturing needs. 3D Printing of Sensors, Actuators, and Antennas for Low-Cost Product Manufacturing offers the most recent developments in 3D printing of sensors, actuators, and antennas for low-cost product manufacturing; the book highlights some of the commercially available low-cost 3D printing processes that have higher efficiency and accuracy. Fundamental principles and working methodologies are presented with a critical review of the past work involved and current trends with future predictions. It covers composite and polymeric materials widely used and specifically focuses on low-cost elements. Recent breakthroughs and advantages in product manufacturing when printing smart materials are also discussed. Manufacturing engineers, product designers, manufacturing industries, as well as graduate students, and research scholars will find this book very useful for their work and studies.

There has been a great deal of progress in additive manufacturing (AM) during the past two decades and recent developments have been highlighted by many researchers. However, until now, there has been a limit to what is available for beginners in a step-by-step format, showcasing the different commercial AM technologies for field application. This book helps fill that gap. Additive Manufacturing: Applications and Innovations presents case studies of commonly used AM technologies with basic numerical problems for better understanding. It also includes hybrid processes and 4D printing applications, which currently are not offered in other AM books. Features Offers solved and unsolved problems in additive manufacturing Provides an understanding for additive manufacturing per international standards Includes case studies for better understanding of the individual processes Presents a review of specific technology highlights Introduces future research directions, mainly in 4D printing applications

This new book covers process optimization and process capability for hybrid NCMP (nonconventional machining process), and combines NCMP and conventional machining removal processes for various hybridized processes. This book is focused on understanding the basic mechanism of some of the NCMPs for their possible hybridization. This book can be used for the development of a basic framework on hybridization for the selected NCMP. The framework is further strengthened by case studies included in this book. The concept of macro-modeling for NCMP and the framework for the development of industrial standards have been outlined. This book is of interest to researchers and graduate students working in the field of hybrid NCMP, especially for the development of novel processes. Field engineers of NCMP may also use it for further process development. Features: Provides a detailed description of mechanism for different NCMPs for possible hybridization. Includes a case study on mechanism of processes. Offers a systematic approach for understanding NCMP. Covers the issues of process optimization and process capability for hybrid NCMP.

Presents exclusive material on integration of 4D imaging and 4D printing Demonstrates the industrial applications of 4D imaging in 4D printing using multiple case studies Discusses use of open source 4D imaging tools for biomedical applications Includes in-house development of smart materials for 4D printing Reviews low cost, indigenous lab scale solutions for various veterinary applications

Focuses on Design of Experiment based computational models which involves finite element analysis along with ergonomic based design of tooling (for both conventional and unconventional manufacturing processes) Directed towards smart manufacturing, this book outlines 4D solutions for 3D printed parts actuated through stimulus such as heat, light, chemical processing Acts as a first-hand source of information for academic scholars and commercial manufacturers while assisting in making strategic manufacturing development plans Discusses work and development in the field of product manufacturing of any mechanical system. Provides case studies and solved numerical solutions at the end of each chapter for easy reader comprehension

An epic life story of a young mother whose journey begins happily married in a comfortable home, to being stranded in a refugee camp having lost her country, her ancestral home and her husband, the love of her life, due to the breakup of India in the 1940s.In 1947 a new country, Pakistan, was created by partitioning India to divide people on the basis of their religion. As a result, a young mother with eight children and millions of others like her became personae non gratae in their own country simply because of their religious beliefs. Over a million innocent people were killed in the sectarian violence that followed. Mother of Broken India follows the journey of a young family fleeing across India in one of the biggest mass migrations in modern history, and the heart-rending struggle of a young mother to provide for her young family through poverty and political turmoil.From the chaotic conditions of the family's escape from Pakistan to the challenges of settling in their new home, this book chronicles Harbans Kaur's courage, resilience and selflessness. Despite the terrible loss of her husband, she overcame her personal strife and sought to help those in need. After moving to England later in her life, she continued her community work whilst her children, in whom she had instilled her values, reached successes in their chosen fields around the world.This is a story of tragedy and hardship, but it is also a story of how these can be overcome with grace, kindness and perseverance. It pays tribute to the leaders of India who opted for a secular and democratic India where everyone is equal under the constitution regardless of their race, religion or gender. As a result, India has become a positive force in the world and her people are respected throughout the world for their values - the same values that Harbans Kaur held tightly onto and instilled in others throughout her journey.This book is a companion volume of Don't Break Up India, the story of the martyrdom of Harbans Kaur's husband, Shaheed Sardar Nanak Singh, during the partition of India in 1947.

An interfaith guide to planned giving. Planned gifts are typically the largest gifts received by a charity and can transform religious organizations and congregations to become more sustainable, impactful, and vibrant entities for decades to come. Encouraging planned gifts to congregations and religious organizations is essential at this time of tremendous generational wealth transfer; these gifts also provide an opportunity to enhance relationships between supporters and organizations. Many congregations and religious entities fear that they cannot raise these transformational gifts due to a lack of expertise among staff or volunteers, the limited financial resources of their constituents, or the simple discomfort of addressing ultimate issues with donors. Faithful Giving can help change those dynamics. The book is intentionally inclusive of Christian and other faith traditions by offering several case studies from a variety of Christian denominations and other religions, including Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Lutheran, Baptist, Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, and others.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of breakthroughs on additive manufacturing for plastic material recycling to boost a circular economy. It offers new ideas of combining/hybridizing processing methods that work as a source of information for manufacturers in making new and strategic product development plans. Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling: Efforts in Boosting a Circular Economy provides a critical, comprehensive, methodological, and strong state-of-the-art work on the processing of thermoplastic and thermosetting along with new directions and applications. It describes the common and hybrid approaches of recycling processes and includes theoretical and practical ideas of combining/hybridizing processing methods with the use of fused deposition modelling, which is one of the low-cost additive manufacturing techniques. The book also discusses mechanical twin-screw extrusion followed by case studies for developing hybrid composite structures for biomedical and structural applications. Recent innovations in melt processing for recycling and the fundaments, process parameters investigations, and applications for new product development are also presented. This book is a first-hand reference source of information for academic scholars and commercial manufacturers for making strategic development plans for new product development.

This book gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its increasing applications in the biomedical domain. 3D printing has distinct advantages like improved quality, cost-effectiveness, and higher efficiency compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Besides these advantages, current challenges and opportunities regarding choice of material, design, and efficiency are addressed in the book. Individual chapters also focus on select areas of applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration, artificial scaffolds and implants, and drug delivery and release. This book will be a valuable source of information for researchers and professionals interested in the expanding biomedical applications of 3D printing.

This book gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, and its increasing applications in the biomedical domain. 3D printing has distinct advantages like improved quality, cost-effectiveness, and higher efficiency compared to traditional manufacturing processes. Besides these advantages, current challenges and opportunities regarding choice of material, design, and efficiency are addressed in the book. Individual chapters also focus on select areas of applications such as surgical guides, tissue regeneration, artificial scaffolds and implants, and drug delivery and release. This book will be a valuable source of information for researchers and professionals interested in the expanding biomedical applications of 3D printing.

4D Printing: Fundamentals and Applications explores both autonomic and non-autonomic systems with different stimulus such as temperature, current, moisture, light and sound. In addition, the fifth dimensional aspect using more than one stimulus is outlined for additive manufacturing processes. The book presents both an introduction to the basic understanding of hybrid processes and explores the physics behind the process (in the form of derivation and numerical problems). For the field engineer, applicable codes and standards for each hybrid process are provided. Lastly, case studies are included in each section to provide the reader with a model to explore future research directions.

Current Trends in Biomanufacturing focuses on cutting-edge research regarding the design, fabrication, assembly, and measurement of bio-elements into structures, devices, and systems. The field of biomaterial and biomanufacturing is growing exponentially in order to meet the increasing demands of for artificial joints, organs and bone-fixation devices. Rapid advances in the biological sciences and engineering are leading to newer and viable resources, methods and techniques that may providing better quality of life and more affordable health care services. The book covers the broad aspects of biomanufacturing, including: synthesis of biomaterials; implant coating techniques; spark plasma sintering; microwave processing; and cladding, powder metallurgy and electrospinning. The contributors illustrate the recent trends of biomanufacturing, highlighting the important aspects of biomaterial synthesis, and their use as feedstock of fabrication technologies and their characterization, along with their clinical practices. Current Trends in Biomanufacturing updates researchers and scientists the novelties and techniques of the field, as it summarises numerous aspects of biomanufacturing, including synthesis of biomaterials, fabrication of biomedical structures, their in-vivo/ in-vitro, mechanical analysis and associated ISO standards.

Aluminium (Al) based metal matrix composites (MMC) have many potential engineering applications. There has been a critical need for casting of cost-effective MMC. Not much work hitherto been reported for casting of Al based MMC with vacuum moulding. An approach to macro-model the micro hardness and dimensional accuracy for casting of MMC of Al and its alloys have been proposed and applied. Relationship between micro hardness, dimensional accuracy and other parameter has been deduced by using Taguchi's technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). Results indicate that the hardness of MMC developed depends significantly on the component volume, pouring temperature and composition. The comparison with experimental results will also serve as future validation of the model.

The purpose of the present study is to compare investment castings prepared with conventional wax based patterns and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) based patterns for bio-medical implant (hip joint). Starting from the identification of component, patterns with three different types of pattern materials (namely: wax, ABS and ABS+wax) were prepared under different experimental conditions. Dimensional measurements were made on the final castings prepared. The results of study highlights that casting with ABS based pattern gives better dimensional accuracy (under given experimental conditions) and component hardness was also acceptable as per application requirement.Final components prepared are acceptable as per ISO standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995). Castings prepared at proposed parametric settings have been studied for functional validation of the parts. Also the study suggested that at proposed parametric settings the process was found to be under statistical control.

In the present work new replication techniques for a biomedical component having a real 3D shape has been introduced. A dynamic condylar screw (DCS) plate was selected as one of a real 3D biomedical implant for this study. The DCS plate, made of ABS material, was fabricated as a master pattern by fused deposition modelling (FDM) method. After preparation of master pattern mould was fabricated with vacuum moulding process. Finally metal matrix composite (MMC) of Al and Al2O3 has been prepared in vacuum mould for fabrication of DCS plate. This study highlights the replication procedure of DCS plate in detail from the master pattern to a final product with some investigation on mechanical and metallurgical properties.

Malnutrition is one of the earliest complications of HIV infection. This cross-sectional study (involving 100 newly diagnosed HIV positive patients) was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the nutritional status and immune status of HIV positive patients, and to look into the various factors contributing to malnutrition in these patients. In the study sample, 46% of the patients were malnourished according to body mass index, 85% were malnourished according to triceps skin-fold thickness and 98% were malnourished according to mid arm muscle circumference. Tuberculosis, chronic diarrhea, candidiasis and depression were associated with malnutrition. Nutritional, anthropometric and laboratory parameters were found to have significant correlation with the immune status. Hence, nutritional assessment of HIV-infected persons can identify those at risk for adverse outcomes from nutritional deficiencies and help in planning appropriate interventions.

This research work aimed to investigate the effect of shape factor, slurry layers and pouring temperature in precision investment casting. Three controllable factors of the precision investment casting process (namely: shape factor, slurry layers (mould thickness) and pouring temperature) were studied at three levels each by Taguchi's parametric approach and single-response optimization was conducted to identify the main factors controlling surface hardness, dimensional accuracy ( d) and surface roughness (Ra). Castings were produced using aluminium, mild steel and stainless steel at recommended parameters through ceramic shell investment casting process. The micro structure analysis has been used to study the surface morphology. Cooling curve analysis was done to analyse the surface hardness data."

The purpose of the present study is to experimentally investigate and optimize the mould fabrication process, based on vacuum casting for plastic component. Starting from the identification of component, prototype with three different types of material were prepared under three different conditions of temperature, time and mixing ratio. Measurements on the coordinate measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the plastic components produced. Further relation between hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness in vacuum casting and other controllable parameter has been deduced by Taguchi technique L9 orthogonal array (OA). The study highlighted the optimized input parameter settings in-terms of dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, micro-hardness for plastic components. Final component produced are acceptable as per IS standard UNI EN 20286-I (1995) and DIN 16901 standards for plastics.

The present research work is aimed at the development of spherical disc of ball valve as a cast study for investment casting applications. Three controllable factors of the investment casting process (namely: volume/surface-area (V/A) ratio of components, slurry layer's combination and type of metal) were studied at three levels each by Taguchi's parametric approach and single-response optimization was conducted to identify the main factors controlling surface hardness, dimensional accuracy and surface finish. Castings were produced using Aluminium, Mild steel and Stainless steel at recommended parameters through ceramic shell investment casting process. The micro structure analysis has been used to study the surface morphology. Cooling curve analysis was done to analyse the surface hardness data.